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Netter's Anatomy Flashcards 5th Edition
21.97MB. 0 audio & 325 images. Updated 2021-04-21.
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| Title | Muscles of Facial Expression: Lateral View 3 |
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| Origin | Orbicularis oculi muscle arises from the nasal portion of thefrontal bone, the frontal process of the maxilla, the lacrimal bone, andthe medial palpebral ligament. |
| Insertion | Orbicularis oculi muscle attaches to the skin of the eyelids,surrounds the bony orbit, and inserts into the superior and inferiortarsi medial to the lacrimal puncta. |
| Actions | The orbicularis oculi muscle is a sphincter that closes theeyelids. Its palpebral portion closes the lids gently, as in blinking. Theorbital portion closes the eyelids more forcibly. |
| Innervation | Terminal branches of the facial nerve; primarily thetemporal and zygomatic branches. |
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| Comment | The orbicularis oculi has 3 parts: an orbital part, which isthicker and surrounds the orbital margin; a palpebral part, which isthin and lies in the eyelids; and a lacrimal part.As a muscle of facial expression, this cutaneous muscle lies withinthe layers of the superficial fascia. |
| Clinical | All of the muscles of facial expression are derivedembryologically from the 2nd pharyngeal (branchial) arch and areinnervated by the terminal branches of the facial nerve (CN VII).Acute, unilateral facial palsy is the most common cause of facialmuscle weakness and is called Bell’s palsy. In Bell’s palsy,paralysis of the orbicularis oculi would result in an inability to winkor close the eyelid ipsilaterally, with the potential for damage to thecornea because the tear film would not be evenly distributedacross the cornea’s surface. |
| 1a | 1. Orbicularis oculi muscle |
| 2a | 2. Nasalis muscle (Transverse and alar parts) |
| 3a | 3. Buccinator muscle |
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| Tags | Netters::Head_and_Neck |
| Title | Anterior Abdominal Wall 2 |
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| Origin | Origin: Rectus abdominis muscle arises inferiorly by 2 tendons. Thelateral tendon is attached to the pubic crest, and the medial tendoninterlaces with the tendon of the opposite side to arise from thepubic symphysis. |
| Insertion | Insertion: Attaches into the cartilages of the 5th, 6th, and 7th ribsand the xiphoid process. |
| Actions | Action: Flexes the vertebral column or trunk, tenses the anteriorabdominal wall, and depresses the ribs. |
| Innervation | Innervation: Intercostal nerves (T7-T11) and the subcostalnerve (T12). |
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| Comment | Comment: The rectus abdominis muscle is contained in the rectussheath and is separated from the rectus abdominis on the other sideby the linea alba.The muscle is crossed by fibrous bands, which are the 3 tendinousintersections; this gives the appearance of “6-pack abs.” |
| Clinical | Clinical: If abdominal pain is present, especially if the affectedvisceral structure (e.g., bowel, appendix) comes in contact with theinner aspect of the peritoneal wall, the patient may present with aguarding reflex. The patient will contract the abdominal wallmuscles when palpated (rebound tenderness) because of theabdominal pain, and the abdomen will become rigid. |
| 1a | 1. Rectus abdominis muscle |
| 2a | 2. Internal oblique muscle |
| 3a | 3. Rectus sheath |
| 4a | 4. Internal oblique muscle |
| 5a | 5. External oblique muscle |
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| Tags | Netters::Abdomen |
| Title | Hip Joint: Anterior and Posterior Views |
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| Comment | Comment: The hip joint is a multiaxial ball-and-socket synovial jointbetween the acetabulum and the head of the femur. The acetabularlabrum deepens the acetabular cavity even farther, and the fibrousjoint capsule is reinforced by 3 ligaments.The iliofemoral ligament is the most important ligament reinforcingthe hip joint. This ligament forms an inverted Y ligament (of Bigelow)that limits hyperextension and lateral rotation. The pubofemoralligament limits extension and abduction, whereas the ischiofemoralligament limits extension and medial rotation. If one notices wherethese ligaments attach, one can understand how they limitmovement in a certain direction.The hip participates in abduction and adduction, flexion andextension, and rotation and circumduction. |
| Clinical | Clinical: The iliofemoral ligament is the strongest of the hipligaments, and the ischiofemoral is the weakest of the 3 ligaments. |
| 1a | 1. Iliofemoral ligament (Y ligament of Bigelow) |
| 2a | 2. Iliopectineal bursa |
| 3a | 3. Pubofemoral ligament |
| 4a | 4. Iliofemoral ligament |
| 5a | 5. Ischiofemoral ligament |
| 6a | 6. Ischial spine |
| 7a | 7. Ischial tuberosity |
| 8a | 8. Lesser trochanter of femur |
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| Tags | Netters::Lower_Limb |
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